| Signal handling | Continuously relates connected cost and usage signals. | Presents reports and filters for a person to interpret. | Starts from periodic exports and reviews. |
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| Operational context | Connects spend to workload, capacity, owner, and change history. | Usually centers the billing view. | Depends on context assembled by the reviewer. |
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| Action boundary | Prepares options and routes them to a named owner. | Leaves investigation and action outside the report. | Relies on tickets, meetings, and individual follow-through. |
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| Decision record | Keeps source, reasoning, approval, and outcome connected. | Often requires separate notes or workflow. | Lives across spreadsheets, tickets, and messages. |
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